A small study published in AIDS, January 21, 2010. Researchers at the Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA, examined the foreskins removed by circumcision of 16 men. The researchers found that there was no significant differences in the thickness of the keratin layers of the inner foreskin and the outer skin. The authors concluded: "Keratin layers alone are unlikely to explain why uncircumcised men are at higher risk for HIV infection."

A YouTube Video by Dan and Jenn where they describe why infant circumcision, although widely practiced, violates the bodily integrity of the infant. Babies cannot give informed consent for genital alterations. If it was any other body part that was being altered, everyone would be upset.

An interview published in Anthropology Today, Volume 25, Issue 6 (p 14-17). DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8322.2009.00699.x  Fuambai S. Ahmadu is both a professional anthropologist and an initiated member of the Bondo society of Sierra Leone. She said that she is confident that she gets all the satisfaction of anyone when she makes love. "According to her [Hanny Lightfoot-Klein, the author of Prisoners of ritual] five-year research, 94% of circumcised women reported sexual satisfaction and orgasm and many said they had sex three or four times a week."

Study published in Journal of Health Psychology, Vol. 7, No. 3, 329-343 (2002). DOI: 10.1177/135910530200700310. The abstract states, "Infant male circumcision continues despite growing questions about its medical justification. As usually performed without analgesia or anaesthetic, circumcision is observably painful. It is likely that genital cutting has physical, sexual and psychological consequences too. Some studies link involuntary male circumcision with a range of negative emotions and even post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Some circumcised men have described their current feelings in the language of violation, torture, mutilation and sexual assault."

Study published in The Journal of Urology, Volume 169, Issue 6, Pages 2332-2334 (June 2003). Doctors at a clinic reviewed their experience in treating patients with a trapped penis due to phimosis following newborn circumcision. The infants were circumcised with a Gomco device. Fifteen of 521 circumcised boys (2.9%) developed phimosis after circumcision.  Three boys had recurrence of phimosis after treatment.

Circumcision - Does the Qur'an Approve it?

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A webpage describing circumcision and Islam. The page describes circumcision and what is removed from the penis. The Qur'an is quoted to show that Allah created human beings perfectly. Circumcision is not needed nor is it in the Qur'an.

The page provides a very good discussion on how Male Circumcision adversely affects the mechanics of sexual intercourse and why many circumcised men do not complain.

Study published in Clinical Pediatrics, Vol. 45, No. 1, 49-54 (2006). DOI: 10.1177/000992280604500108. Dr. Howe concluded, "Meatal stenosis may be the most common complication following neonatal circumcision. The frequency of this complication and the need for surgical correction need to be disclosed as part of the informed consent for neonatal circumcision." The study found 24 of 329 (7%) circumcised boys had meatal stenosis.

Study published in Science Tanslational Medicine, January 13, 2010, Vol. 2, Issue 14, p. 14ra3. DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3000458. The authors examined sleep loss and the effects of attempts to catch up on sleep. "Despite recurrent acute and substantial chronic sleep loss, 10-hour sleep opportunities consistently restored vigilance task performance during the first several hours of wakefulness. However, chronic sleep loss markedly increased the rate of deterioration in performance across wakefulness, particularly during the circadian night."